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Sunday, July 21, 2019

Anti-Semitism in 19th-centuiry fiction - Lucky Per and elsewhere

A developing issue in Henrik Pontoppidan's 1904 novel, Lucky Per, is the treatment and depiction of Jews and of anti-Semitism. Now in the middle of section 2, about 100 pp or so into the novel, which remains a terrific story about the "education" of the young man of the title, Per is smitten by the beauty of a young Jewish woman whom he encounters on the streets of Copenhagen. This encounter and plot development lead Pontoppidan to an extended description of the Jewish family, a depiction that puts forward all or at least many of the stereotypes: vulgar, socially awkward, driven by money, striving for social equality, shrewd at business, and, w/ the exception of a few alluring daughters, homely to an extreme. What to make of this? The strange thing is that Pontoppidan also seems alert to the prejudice against Jews, the shameful history of the treatment of Jews (yes, even in Denmark, in the 19th century), and the intelligence, pride, and temerity that led this and other Jewish families to great achievements despite social prejudice and ostracism. It's almost like Shakespeare's Merchant, in some ways - depicted as a despicable, greedy man yet with touches of humanity and (occasional) sympathy from Sh himself (If you prick him, will he not bleed? ... etc.). But this is a novel of realism, and, painful as it may be, HP depicts the Jewish family as a true social presence in 19th-century Copenhagen, though this is not quite enough to make this depiction palatable or entirely free from bias and hatred. Compare HP's depiction of Jewish culture w/ that of George Eliot (Daniel Deronda), which is largely free of racial stereotypes and is far more nuanced in is depiction and more profound in its empathy. The palatability of Lucky Per will depend in large part on how well HP can move beyond the stereotypes and "educaite" Per about bias and prejudice.

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